CHAPTER 212*
UTILITY COMPANIES TAX

(a) Each (1) Connecticut municipality or department or agency thereof, or Connecticut district, manufacturing, selling or distributing gas or electricity to be used for light, heat or power, in this chapter and in chapter 212a called a "municipal utility", (2) company the principal business of which is manufacturing, selling or distributing gas or steam to be used for light, heat or power, including each foreign municipal electric utility, as defined in section 12-59, and given authority to engage in business in this state pursuant to the provisions of section 16-246c, and (3) company required to register pursuant to section 16-258a shall pay a quarterly tax upon gross earnings from such operations in this state. Gross earnings from such operations under subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection shall include (A) all income classified as operating revenues by the Department of Public Utility Control in the uniform systems of accounts prescribed by said department for operations within the taxable quarter and, with respect to each such company, (B) all income classified in said uniform systems of accounts as income from merchandising, jobbing and contract work, (C) income from nonutility operations, (D) revenues from lease of physical property not devoted to utility operation, and (E) receipts from the sale of residuals and other by-products obtained in connection with the production of gas, electricity or steam. Gross earnings from such operations under subdivision (3) of this subsection shall be gross income from the sales of natural gas. Gross earnings of a gas company, as defined in section 16-1, shall not include income earned in a taxable quarter commencing prior to June 30, 2004, from the sale of natural gas or propane as a fuel for a motor vehicle. No deductions shall be allowed from such gross earnings for any commission, rebate or other payment, except a refund resulting from an error or overcharge and those specifically mentioned in section 12-265. Gross earnings of a company as described in subdivision (2) of this subsection shall not include income earned in any taxable quarter commencing on or after July 1, 2000, from the sale of steam.
(b) (1) Each such company and municipal utility shall, on or before the last day of January, April, July and October of each year, render to the Commissioner of Revenue Services a return on forms prescribed or furnished by the commissioner and signed by its treasurer or the person performing the duties of treasurer, or by an authorized agent or officer, specifying (A) the name and location of such company or municipal utility, (B) the amount of gross earnings from operations for the quarter ending with the last day of the preceding month, (C) the gross earnings from the sale or rental of appliances using water, steam, gas or electricity and the cost of such appliances sold, cost to be interpreted as net invoice price plus transportation costs of such appliances, (D) the gross earnings from all sales for resale of water, steam, gas and electricity, whether or not the purchasers are public service corporations, municipal utilities, located in the state or subject to the tax imposed by this chapter, (E) the number of miles of water or steam pipes, gas mains or electric wires operated by such company or municipal utility within this state on the first day and on the last day of the calendar year immediately preceding, and (F) the number of miles of water or steam pipes, gas mains or electric wires wherever operated by such company or municipal utility on said dates. Gas pipeline and gas transmission companies which do not manufacture or buy gas in this state for resale in this state shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 208 and shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter and chapter 212a.
(2) No person, firm, corporation or municipality that is chartered or authorized by this state to transmit or sell gas within a franchise area shall transmit gas for any person that sells gas to be used for light, heat or power to an end user or users located in this state, unless such seller has registered with the Department of Revenue Services for purposes of the tax imposed under this chapter. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to the transmission of gas for any seller that is a gas company, as defined in section 16-1, municipal gas utility established under chapter 101 or any other gas utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or any public or special act, or a gas pipeline or gas transmission company subject to the provisions of chapter 208.
(3) The Commissioner of Revenue Services may make public the names and addresses of each person that sells gas to be used for light, heat or power to an end user or users located in this state and has registered with the Department of Revenue Services for purposes of the tax imposed under this chapter, and that is not a gas company, as defined in section 16-1, a municipal gas utility established under chapter 101 or any other gas utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or any public or special act, or a gas pipeline or gas transmission company subject to the provisions of chapter 208.
(c) (1) Each electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1, providing electric transmission services, as defined in said section 16-1, or electric distribution services, as defined in said section 16-1, shall pay a quarterly tax upon its gross earnings in each calendar quarter at the rate of (A) eight and one-half per cent of its gross earnings from providing electric transmission services or electric distribution services allocable to other than residential service and (B) six and eight-tenths per cent of such gross earnings from providing electric transmission services or electric distribution services allocable to residential service.
(2) For purposes of this subsection, gross earnings from providing electric transmission services or electric distribution services shall include (A) all income classified as income from providing electric transmission services or electric distribution services by the Department of Public Utility Control in the uniform system of accounts prescribed by said department and (B) the competitive transition assessment collected pursuant to section 16-245g, the systems benefits charge collected pursuant to section 16-245l, and the assessments charged under sections 16-245m and 16-245n. Such gross earnings shall not include income from providing electric transmission services or electric distribution services to a company described in subsection (c) of section 12-265.
(3) Each electric distribution company shall, on or before the last day of January, April, July and October of each year, render to the Commissioner of Revenue Services a return on forms prescribed or furnished by the commissioner and signed by its treasurer, or the person performing the duties of treasurer, or of an authorized agent or officer, with such other information as the Commissioner of Revenue Services deems necessary.
(d) The tax imposed by this chapter is due and payable to the Commissioner of Revenue Services quarterly on or before the last day of the month next succeeding each calendar quarter.
(1949 Rev., S. 1950; 1951, S. 1112d; 1961, P.A. 604, S. 14; 1963, P.A. 2, S. 1; P.A. 73-442, S. 7; P.A. 74-329; P.A. 75-486, S. 29, 69; P.A. 76-114, S. 11, 21; P.A. 77-614, S. 139, 162, 610; P.A. 80-482, S. 20, 348; P.A. 84-458, S. 1, 2; P.A. 94-101, S. 1, 3; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4, S. 12, 85; P.A. 95-114, S. 2, 3, 5; 95-160, S. 64, 69; 95-172, S. 1, 2, 4; 95- 359, S. 14, 15, 19; P.A. 96-205, S. 1, 3; P.A. 98-28, S. 54, 117; 98-244, S. 13, 35; P.A. 99-173, S. 43, 44, 65; P.A. 00-174, S. 27, 56, 83; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 21, 85; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-4, S. 9.)
History: 1961 act included municipal utilities and steam companies, and changed dates for annual return and for computing mileage of pipes, mains and wires; 1963 act specified gross earnings provision applied to all sales for resale to any public service corporation or municipal utility; P.A. 73-422 included foreign municipal electric utilities and specified "Connecticut" municipalities and districts; P.A. 74-329 made technical changes; P.A. 75-486 substituted public utilities control authority for public utilities commission; P.A. 76-114 revised section so that tax charged on quarterly rather than annual basis, effective July 1, 1976, and applicable to gross earnings in calendar quarter commencing January 1, 1977, and each calendar quarter thereafter; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of revenue services for tax commissioner and division of public utility control within the department of business regulation for public utilities control authority, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-482 made division of public utility control a separate department and deleted reference to abolished department of business regulation; P.A. 84-458 added exemption for systems of water works which do not fall within the definition of water company in section 16-1, effective June 11, 1984, and applicable with respect to calendar quarters commencing July 1, 1984, and thereafter; P.A. 94-101 divided section into Subsecs. (a) and (b) and further divided Subsec. (a) into Subdivs. and added provision re sale of natural gas as a fuel for a motor vehicle, effective July 1, 1994, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after that date; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4 deleted provision which had exempted certain companies operating water works but which are not water companies as defined in Sec. 16-1 from provisions of this chapter and chapter 212a, effective July 1, 1996, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after said date; P.A. 95-114 divided Subsecs. (a) and (b) into Subdivs., changing former Subdivs. of Subsec. (a) to Subparas., and adding Subdiv. (3) re companies required to register pursuant to Sec. 16-258a and amended Subsec. (b)(4), expanding sales for resale to all purchasers, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-160 changed effective date of May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4, S. 12 to July 1, 1997, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after that date; P.A. 95-172 excluded income earned from the sale of propane as a fuel for motor vehicles from gross earnings of a gas company prior to January 1, 2000, effective July 1, 1995, and applicable to calendar quarters on or after that date; P.A. 95-359 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that gross earnings from operations under Subdiv. (3) shall be gross income from sales of natural gas and made technical changes, effective July 13, 1995; P.A. 96-205 amended Subsec. (a) to exempt sales of steam on or after July 1, 2000, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-28 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by deleting reference to companies manufacturing, selling or distributing electricity, added new Subsec. (c) requiring electric distribution companies to pay gross earnings tax and added new Subsec. (d) concerning when tax is due and payable, effective January 1, 2000, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 2000; P.A. 98-244 amended Subsec. (b) to eliminate notarization requirement, effective June 8, 1998, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after October 1, 1998; P.A. 99-173 amended Subsec. (a) to extend sunset from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2002, effective June 23, 1999; P.A. 00-174 amended Subsec. (b) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), to add Subdiv. (2) re registration of sellers of gas and to add Subdiv. (3) re publishing of information re sellers of gas, effective July 1, 2000, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after that date, and amended Subsec. (c)(3) to delete requirement that return be under oath and add requirement that return be signed, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subsec. (a) to exclude from gross earnings under section earnings of a gas company from sales of propane or natural gas for use in motor vehicles for taxable quarters commencing prior to June 30, 2002, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-4 amended Subsec. (a) to extend the sunset for the deduction for sales of natural gas or propane as motor vehicle fuel to June 30, 2004, and to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2002.
See Chapter 138c re tax credits for donations to Rental Housing Assistance Trust Fund.
See Secs. 12-268d and 12-268e re failure to pay tax when due, re fraudulent returns and re penalties.
Effect of words "the principal business of which is". 90 C. 452. "Gross earnings" under former statute. 90 C. 452; 131 C. 1. Corporation operating a system of dams and gates for conservation of water for benefit of lower riparian stockholders, but not owning the water, is not taxable under this section. 92 C. 38. Cited. 106 C. 580; 134 C. 299. Since "transmission receipts" are not classified as "operating revenues" in the uniform system of accounts, or in any other accounts enumerated in this section, they are not taxable under chapter 212 of the general statutes. 169 C. 58.
History of statute discussed. 150 C. 578. Where plaintiff received seventy-five per cent of its gross earnings from furnishing steam for heat, this was its principal business and it was subject to the tax imposed by this section rather than to the corporate business tax on net income imposed by section 12-214. 151 C. 688. Where public utility water company which also sold produce and nursery stock claimed expenses of its orchard and nursery operations should be deducted from its gross earnings by virtue of a system of accounts prescribed by the public utilities commission, held that the statute may not be modified by a regulation of the commission and the company was not entitled to such deduction. 152 C. 674, 675. Amendments to uniform system of accounts after 1945 have no effect on tax base stated in this statute. 161 C. 145. "Gross earnings from operations" are all items contemplated by sections 600 through 615 of 1941 uniform system of accounts prescribed for electrical utilities and other receipts which fall under any of listed categories. 161 C. 145. Cited. 202 C. 583, 597.
A combination of various factors, not conclusive individually, determine the "principal" business of a company. 26 CS 277, 282, 283.

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(a) As used in this section (1) with regard to electric power, "sales for resale" include (A) sales of electric power capacity, (B) power output from such capacity, and (C) all transmission charges in conjunction with such sales on or after May 17, 1982, and (2) "net invoice price" means invoice price less trade discounts.
(b) (1) Each company and municipal utility included in section 12-264, other than an electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1, included in subsection (c) of section 12-264, shall be taxed at the rate of five per cent upon the amount of gross earnings in each taxable quarter from operations, except as set forth in subsection (c) or (d) of this section and except that each company and municipal utility manufacturing, selling or distributing gas or electricity to be used for light, heat or power shall be taxed at the rate of four per cent upon the amount of gross earnings in each taxable quarter allocable to residential service, but deduction shall be made of gross earnings (A) from all sales for resale of water, steam, gas and electricity to public service corporations and municipal utilities, whether or not such purchasers are Connecticut public service corporations or Connecticut municipal utilities, and whether or not they are subject to the tax imposed by this chapter, (B) from any federal BTU energy tax included in adjustment clause and base-rate revenues, (C) from sales of appliances using water, steam, gas or electricity by each such company of the net invoice price plus transportation costs of such appliances, (D) of electric and gas companies, as defined in section 16-1, from energy conservation loan programs, (E) from all sales for resale of gas to companies registered pursuant to section 16-258a, and (F) from all sales of natural gas to a user or entity located outside the state.
(2) Gross earnings for any taxable quarter, for the purposes of assessment and taxation, shall be as follows: (A) In the case of a company or municipal utility carrying on business or operating entirely within this state, the amount of gross earnings from operations; (B) in the case of a company or municipal utility carrying on business or operations a part of which is outside of this state, (i) such portion of the amount of gross earnings from operations determined under the provisions of section 12-264 as is represented by the ratio of the number of miles of water or steam pipes, gas mains or electric wires operated by such company or municipal utility within this state on the first day and on the last day of the calendar year immediately preceding to the total number of miles of water or steam pipes, gas mains or electric wires operated by such company or municipal utility on said dates; or (ii) in the case of a company required to register pursuant to section 16-258a, such portion of the amount of gross earnings from operations determined under the provisions of section 12-264 as is represented by the ratio of the sales in this state to end users during such quarter to the total sales everywhere to end users during such quarter.
(c) The rate of tax on the sale, furnishing or distribution of electricity or natural gas for use directly by a company engaged in a manufacturing production process, in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, United States Office of Management and Budget, 1987 edition, classifications 2000 to 3999, inclusive, or Sector 31, 32 or 33 in the North American Industrial Classification System United States Manual, United States Office of Management and Budget, 1997 edition, shall be four per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 1994, and prior to January 1, 1995, three per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 1995, and prior to January 1, 1996, and two per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 1996, and prior to January 1, 1997. The sale, furnishing or distribution of electricity or natural gas for use by a company as provided in this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 1997. Not later than thirty days after May 19, 1993, and thirty days after the effective date of each rate decrease provided for in this section, each electric and gas public service company, as defined in section 16-1, which does not have a proposed rate amendment under section 16-19 pending before the Department of Public Utility Control at such time, shall request the department to reopen the proceeding under section 16-19 on the company's most recent rate amendment, solely for the purpose of decreasing the company's rates to reflect the decreases required under this section. The department shall immediately reopen such proceedings, solely for such purpose.
(d) The rate of tax on the sale, furnishing or distribution of steam for use by a company, as described in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-264, shall be: (1) Four per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after July 1, 1996, and prior to July 1, 1997; (2) three per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after July 1, 1997, and prior to July 1, 1998; (3) two per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after July 1, 1998, and prior to July 1, 1999; and (4) one per cent with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after July 1, 1999, and prior to July 1, 2000. The sale, furnishing or distribution of steam as provided in this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter with respect to calendar quarters commencing on or after July 1, 2000.
(1949 Rev., S. 1951; 1961, P.A. 604, S. 15; 1963, P.A. 2, S. 2; June, 1971, P.A. 8, S. 23; P.A. 76-114, S. 12, 21; P.A. 82-224, S. 1, 2; P.A. 83-529, S. 2; P.A. 85-159, S. 5, 19; 85-469, S. 4, 6; P.A. 93-74, S. 11, 65, 67; 93-332, S. 8, 42; P.A. 95-114, S. 4, 5; 95-359, S. 16, 19; P.A. 96-205, S. 2, 3; P.A. 98-28, S. 55, 117; 98-218, S. 2, 3; P.A. 00-174, S. 28, 83.)
History: 1961 act included municipal utilities and steam companies; 1963 act specified gross earnings applied to sale for resale to any public service corporation or municipality; 1971 act increased tax rate from four to five per cent of gross earnings; P.A. 76-114 substituted "taxable quarter" for tax year and based tax on miles of pipes, mains or wires operated on first and last day of calendar year rather than tax year, effective July 1, 1976, and applicable to gross earnings in calendar quarter commencing January 1, 1977, and each calendar quarter thereafter; P.A. 82-224 provided for deductions from gross earnings of electric and gas companies from energy conservation loan programs, effective July 1, 1982 and applicable to tax years commencing on and after January 1, 1982; P.A. 83-529 inserted Subsec. (a), defining "sales for resale" of electric power, and relettered prior existing provisions of section as Subsec. (b); P.A. 85-159 provided that each gas or electric company and municipal utility would be taxed at the rate of four per cent on residential service earnings for calendar quarters commencing on or after October 1, 1985; P.A. 85-469 revised effective date of P.A. 85-159 but without affecting this section; P.A. 93-74 added a deduction from gross earnings for any federal BTU energy tax in Subsec. (b), effective May 19, 1993, and applicable to taxable years commencing January 1, 1993, and added Subsec. (c) re tax rate for the sale, furnishing or distribution of electricity for use by a company engaged in manufacturing, effective May 19, 1993 and applicable to taxable years commencing on and after January 1, 1994; P.A. 93-332 amended Subsec. (c) to include the sale, furnishing or distribution of natural gas and changed the Standard Industrial Classification from 3000 to 2000, effective June 25, 1993, and applicable to taxable years commencing on and after January 1, 1994; P.A. 95-114 made technical changes, moved definition of "net invoice price" from Subsec. (b) to (a), and amended Subsec. (b)(1) by expanding sales for resale to all purchasers, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-359 amended Subsec. (b) to reverse some of the changes enacted in P.A. 95-114 and to add new Subpara. (E) to Subdiv. (1) re sales for resale of gas to companies registered under Sec. 16- 258a and new Subpara. (B)(ii) of Subdiv. (2) re companies required to register under Sec. 16-258a, effective July 13, 1995; P.A. 96-205 added Subsec. (d) re phase-out of the tax on sale of steam, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-28 amended Subsec. (b) by exempting electric distribution companies, effective January 1, 2000, and applicable to calendar quarters commencing on or after January 1, 2000; P.A. 98-218 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding new Subpara. (F) authorizing deduction of gross earnings from sales of natural gas to users or entities outside the state, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 00-174 amended Subsec. (c) to cover under this section companies classified under the North American Industrial Classification System, effective May 26, 2000.
See Sec. 12-268a re decrease or increase of apportionments.
Cited. 131 C. 4; 134 C. 299. History of statute discussed. 150 C. 578. Cited. 161 C. 145.

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Section 12-265a is repealed.
(1967, P.A. 57, S. 32; 1969, P.A. 291, S. 2.)

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Secs. 12-265b and 12-265c. Tax credit for expenditures for: Air pollution abatement facilities; industrial waste treatment facilities. Sections 12-265b and 12- 265c are repealed, effective July 8, 1997, and applicable to income years commencing on or after January 1, 1998.
(1967, P.A. 754, S. 21; 1969, P.A. 291, S. 1; 758, S. 19; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 36, 148; P.A. 97-295, S. 24, 25; P.A. 98- 262, S. 14, 22.)

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Sec. 12-265d. Tax credit for expenditures to establish day care facilities for children of employees. Section 12-265d is repealed effective January 1, 1990, and applicable to income years of corporations commencing on or after that date.
(P.A. 81-100, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-469, S. 9, 11; P.A. 83-453, S. 3, 4; P.A. 88-289, S. 3, 4; P.A. 89-364, S. 6, 7.)

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Sections 12- 266 to 12-268, inclusive, are repealed.
(1949, Rev., S. 1952—1954; 1961, P.A. 604, S. 23, 25, 29.)
See Sec. 12-268g, 12-268h, 12-268j.

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