FAMILY CODE
CHAPTER 33. NOTICE OF ABORTION
§ 33.001. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
(1) "Abortion" means the use of any means to terminate
the pregnancy of a female known by the attending physician to be
pregnant, with the intention that the termination of the pregnancy
by those means will with reasonable likelihood cause the death of
the fetus. This definition, as applied in this chapter, applies
only to an unemancipated minor known by the attending physician to
be pregnant and may not be construed to limit a minor's access to
contraceptives.
(2) "Fetus" means an individual human organism from
fertilization until birth.
(3) "Guardian" means a court-appointed guardian of the
person of the minor.
(4) "Physician" means an individual licensed to
practice medicine in this state.
(5) "Unemancipated minor" includes a minor who:
(A) is unmarried; and
(B) has not had the disabilities of minority
removed under Chapter 31.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.002. PARENTAL NOTICE. (a) A physician may not
perform an abortion on a pregnant unemancipated minor unless:
(1) the physician performing the abortion gives at
least 48 hours actual notice, in person or by telephone, of the
physician's intent to perform the abortion to:
(A) a parent of the minor, if the minor has no
managing conservator or guardian; or
(B) a court-appointed managing conservator or
guardian;
(2) the judge of a court having probate jurisdiction,
the judge of a county court at law, the judge of a district court,
including a family district court, or a court of appellate
jurisdiction issues an order authorizing the minor to consent to
the abortion as provided by Section 33.003 or 33.004;
(3) a probate court, county court at law, district
court, including a family district court, or court of appeals, by
its inaction, constructively authorizes the minor to consent to the
abortion as provided by Section 33.003 or 33.004; or
(4) the physician performing the abortion:
(A) concludes that on the basis of the
physician's good faith clinical judgment, a condition exists that
complicates the medical condition of the pregnant minor and
necessitates the immediate abortion of her pregnancy to avert her
death or to avoid a serious risk of substantial and irreversible
impairment of a major bodily function; and
(B) certifies in writing to the Texas Department
of Health and in the patient's medical record the medical
indications supporting the physician's judgment that the
circumstances described by Paragraph (A) exist.
(b) If a person to whom notice may be given under Subsection
(a)(1) cannot be notified after a reasonable effort, a physician
may perform an abortion if the physician gives 48 hours
constructive notice, by certified mail, restricted delivery, sent
to the last known address, to the person to whom notice may be given
under Subsection (a)(1). The period under this subsection begins
when the notice is mailed. If the person required to be notified is
not notified within the 48-hour period, the abortion may proceed
even if the notice by mail is not received.
(c) The requirement that 48 hours actual notice be provided
under this section may be waived by an affidavit of:
(1) a parent of the minor, if the minor has no managing
conservator or guardian; or
(2) a court-appointed managing conservator or
guardian.
(d) A physician may execute for inclusion in the minor's
medical record an affidavit stating that, according to the best
information and belief of the physician, notice or constructive
notice has been provided as required by this section. Execution of
an affidavit under this subsection creates a presumption that the
requirements of this section have been satisfied.
(e) The Texas Department of Health shall prepare a form to
be used for making the certification required by Subsection (a)(4).
(f) A certification required by Subsection (a)(4) is
confidential and privileged and is not subject to disclosure under
Chapter 552, Government Code, or to discovery, subpoena, or other
legal process. Personal or identifying information about the
minor, including her name, address, or social security number, may
not be included in a certification under Subsection (a)(4). The
physician must keep the medical records on the minor in compliance
with the rules adopted by the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners
under Section 153.003, Occupations Code.
(g) A physician who intentionally performs an abortion on a
pregnant unemancipated minor in violation of this section commits
an offense. An offense under this subsection is punishable by a
fine not to exceed $10,000. In this subsection, "intentionally" has
the meaning assigned by Section 6.03(a), Penal Code.
(h) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that
the minor falsely represented her age or identity to the physician
to be at least 18 years of age by displaying an apparently valid
governmental record of identification such that a reasonable person
under similar circumstances would have relied on the
representation. The defense does not apply if the physician is
shown to have had independent knowledge of the minor's actual age or
identity or failed to use due diligence in determining the minor's
age or identity. In this subsection, "defense" has the meaning and
application assigned by Section 2.03, Penal Code.
(i) In relation to the trial of an offense under this
section in which the conduct charged involves a conclusion made by
the physician under Subsection (a)(4), the defendant may seek a
hearing before the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners on
whether the physician's conduct was necessary to avert the death of
the minor or to avoid a serious risk of substantial and irreversible
impairment of a major bodily function. The findings of the Texas
State Board of Medical Examiners under this subsection are
admissible on that issue in the trial of the defendant.
Notwithstanding any other reason for a continuance provided under
the Code of Criminal Procedure or other law, on motion of the
defendant, the court shall delay the beginning of the trial for not
more than 30 days to permit a hearing under this subsection to take
place.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, § 14.741, eff. Sept.
1, 2001.
§ 33.003. JUDICIAL APPROVAL. (a) A pregnant minor who
wishes to have an abortion without notification to one of her
parents, her managing conservator, or her guardian may file an
application for a court order authorizing the minor to consent to
the performance of an abortion without notification to either of
her parents or a managing conservator or guardian.
(b) The application may be filed in any county court at law,
court having probate jurisdiction, or district court, including a
family district court, in this state.
(c) The application must be made under oath and include:
(1) a statement that the minor is pregnant;
(2) a statement that the minor is unmarried, is under
18 years of age, and has not had her disabilities removed under
Chapter 31;
(3) a statement that the minor wishes to have an
abortion without the notification of either of her parents or a
managing conservator or guardian; and
(4) a statement as to whether the minor has retained an
attorney and, if she has retained an attorney, the name, address,
and telephone number of her attorney.
(d) The clerk of the court shall deliver a courtesy copy of
the application made under this section to the judge who is to hear
the application.
(e) The court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for the
minor. If the minor has not retained an attorney, the court shall
appoint an attorney to represent the minor. If the guardian ad
litem is an attorney admitted to the practice of law in this state,
the court may appoint the guardian ad litem to serve as the minor's
attorney.
(f) The court may appoint to serve as guardian ad litem:
(1) a person who may consent to treatment for the minor
under Sections 32.001(a)(1)-(3);
(2) a psychiatrist or an individual licensed or
certified as a psychologist under Chapter 501, Occupations Code;
(3) an appropriate employee of the Department of
Protective and Regulatory Services;
(4) a member of the clergy; or
(5) another appropriate person selected by the court.
(g) The court shall fix a time for a hearing on an
application filed under Subsection (a) and shall keep a record of
all testimony and other oral proceedings in the action. The court
shall enter judgment on the application immediately after the
hearing is concluded.
(h) The court shall rule on an application submitted under
this section and shall issue written findings of fact and
conclusions of law not later than 5 p.m. on the second business day
after the date the application is filed with the court. On request
by the minor, the court shall grant an extension of the period
specified by this subsection. If a request for an extension is
made, the court shall rule on an application and shall issue written
findings of fact and conclusions of law not later than 5 p.m. on the
second business day after the date the minor states she is ready to
proceed to hearing. If the court fails to rule on the application
and issue written findings of fact and conclusions of law within the
period specified by this subsection, the application is deemed to
be granted and the physician may perform the abortion as if the
court had issued an order authorizing the minor to consent to the
performance of the abortion without notification under Section
33.002. Proceedings under this section shall be given precedence
over other pending matters to the extent necessary to assure that
the court reaches a decision promptly.
(i) The court shall determine by a preponderance of the
evidence whether the minor is mature and sufficiently well informed
to make the decision to have an abortion performed without
notification to either of her parents or a managing conservator or
guardian, whether notification would not be in the best interest of
the minor, or whether notification may lead to physical, sexual, or
emotional abuse of the minor. If the court finds that the minor is
mature and sufficiently well informed, that notification would not
be in the minor's best interest, or that notification may lead to
physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of the minor, the court shall
enter an order authorizing the minor to consent to the performance
of the abortion without notification to either of her parents or a
managing conservator or guardian and shall execute the required
forms.
(j) If the court finds that the minor does not meet the
requirements of Subsection (i), the court may not authorize the
minor to consent to an abortion without the notification authorized
under Section 33.002(a)(1).
(k) The court may not notify a parent, managing conservator,
or guardian that the minor is pregnant or that the minor wants to
have an abortion. The court proceedings shall be conducted in a
manner that protects the anonymity of the minor. The application
and all other court documents pertaining to the proceedings are
confidential and privileged and are not subject to disclosure under
Chapter 552, Government Code, or to discovery, subpoena, or other
legal process. The minor may file the application using a pseudonym
or using only her initials.
(l) An order of the court issued under this section is
confidential and privileged and is not subject to disclosure under
Chapter 552, Government Code, or discovery, subpoena, or other
legal process. The order may not be released to any person but the
pregnant minor, the pregnant minor's guardian ad litem, the
pregnant minor's attorney, another person designated to receive the
order by the minor, or a governmental agency or attorney in a
criminal or administrative action seeking to assert or protect the
interest of the minor. The supreme court may adopt rules to permit
confidential docketing of an application under this section.
(m) The clerk of the supreme court shall prescribe the
application form to be used by the minor filing an application under
this section.
(n) A filing fee is not required of and court costs may not
be assessed against a minor filing an application under this
section.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, § 14.742, eff. Sept.
1, 2001.
§ 33.004. APPEAL. (a) A minor whose application under
Section 33.003 is denied may appeal to the court of appeals having
jurisdiction over civil matters in the county in which the
application was filed. On receipt of a notice of appeal, the clerk
of the court that denied the application shall deliver a copy of the
notice of appeal and record on appeal to the clerk of the court of
appeals. On receipt of the notice and record, the clerk of the
court of appeals shall place the appeal on the docket of the court.
(b) The court of appeals shall rule on an appeal under this
section not later than 5 p.m. on the second business day after the
date the notice of appeal is filed with the court that denied the
application. On request by the minor, the court shall grant an
extension of the period specified by this subsection. If a request
for an extension is made, the court shall rule on the appeal not
later than 5 p.m. on the second business day after the date the
minor states she is ready to proceed. If the court of appeals fails
to rule on the appeal within the period specified by this
subsection, the appeal is deemed to be granted and the physician may
perform the abortion as if the court had issued an order authorizing
the minor to consent to the performance of the abortion without
notification under Section 33.002. Proceedings under this section
shall be given precedence over other pending matters to the extent
necessary to assure that the court reaches a decision promptly.
(c) A ruling of the court of appeals issued under this
section is confidential and privileged and is not subject to
disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code, or discovery,
subpoena, or other legal process. The ruling may not be released to
any person but the pregnant minor, the pregnant minor's guardian ad
litem, the pregnant minor's attorney, another person designated to
receive the ruling by the minor, or a governmental agency or
attorney in a criminal or administrative action seeking to assert
or protect the interest of the minor. The supreme court may adopt
rules to permit confidential docketing of an appeal under this
section.
(d) The clerk of the supreme court shall prescribe the
notice of appeal form to be used by the minor appealing a judgment
under this section.
(e) A filing fee is not required of and court costs may not
be assessed against a minor filing an appeal under this section.
(f) An expedited confidential appeal shall be available to
any pregnant minor to whom a court of appeals denies an order
authorizing the minor to consent to the performance of an abortion
without notification to either of her parents or a managing
conservator or guardian.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.005. AFFIDAVIT OF PHYSICIAN. (a) A physician may
execute for inclusion in the minor's medical record an affidavit
stating that, after reasonable inquiry, it is the belief of the
physician that:
(1) the minor has made an application or filed a notice
of an appeal with a court under this chapter;
(2) the deadline for court action imposed by this
chapter has passed; and
(3) the physician has been notified that the court has
not denied the application or appeal.
(b) A physician who in good faith has executed an affidavit
under Subsection (a) may rely on the affidavit and may perform the
abortion as if the court had issued an order granting the
application or appeal.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.006. GUARDIAN AD LITEM IMMUNITY. A guardian ad
litem appointed under this chapter and acting in the course and
scope of the appointment is not liable for damages arising from an
act or omission of the guardian ad litem committed in good faith.
The immunity granted by this section does not apply if the conduct
of the guardian ad litem is committed in a manner described by
Sections 107.003(b)(1)-(4).
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.007. COSTS PAID BY STATE. (a) A court acting
under Section 33.003 or 33.004 may issue an order requiring the
state to pay:
(1) the cost of any attorney ad litem and any guardian
ad litem appointed for the minor;
(2) notwithstanding Sections 33.003(n) and 33.004(e),
the costs of court associated with the application or appeal; and
(3) any court reporter's fees incurred.
(b) An order issued under Subsection (a) must be directed to
the comptroller, who shall pay the amount ordered from funds
appropriated to the Texas Department of Health.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.008. PHYSICIAN'S DUTY TO REPORT ABUSE OF A MINOR;
INVESTIGATION AND ASSISTANCE. (a) A physician who has reason to
believe that a minor has been or may be physically or sexually
abused by a person responsible for the minor's care, custody, or
welfare, as that term is defined by Section 261.001, shall
immediately report the suspected abuse to the Department of
Protective and Regulatory Services and shall refer the minor to the
department for services or intervention that may be in the best
interest of the minor.
(b) The Department of Protective and Regulatory Services
shall investigate suspected abuse reported under this section and,
if appropriate, shall assist the minor in making an application
with a court under Section 33.003.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.009. OTHER REPORTS OF SEXUAL ABUSE OF A MINOR. A
court or the guardian ad litem or attorney ad litem for the minor
shall report conduct reasonably believed to violate Section 22.011,
22.021, or 25.02, Penal Code, based on information obtained during
a confidential court proceeding held under this chapter to:
(1) any local or state law enforcement agency;
(2) the Department of Protective and Regulatory
Services, if the alleged conduct involves a person responsible for
the care, custody, or welfare of the child;
(3) the state agency that operates, licenses,
certifies, or registers the facility in which the alleged conduct
occurred, if the alleged conduct occurred in a facility operated,
licensed, certified, or registered by a state agency; or
(4) an appropriate agency designated by the court.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.010. CONFIDENTIALITY. Notwithstanding any other
law, information obtained by the Department of Protective and
Regulatory Services or another entity under Section 33.008 or
33.009 is confidential except to the extent necessary to prove a
violation of Section 22.011, 22.021, or 25.02, Penal Code.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.011. INFORMATION RELATING TO JUDICIAL BYPASS. The
Texas Department of Health shall produce and distribute
informational materials that explain the rights of a minor under
this chapter. The materials must explain the procedures
established by Sections 33.003 and 33.004 and must be made
available in English and in Spanish. The material provided by the
department shall also provide information relating to alternatives
to abortion and health risks associated with abortion.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 395, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
