FINANCE CODE
CHAPTER 33. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF STATE BANK
SUBCHAPTER A. TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP INTEREST
§ 33.001. ACQUISITION OF CONTROL. (a) Except as
otherwise expressly permitted by this subtitle, without the prior
written approval of the banking commissioner a person may not
directly or indirectly acquire a legal or beneficial interest in
voting securities of a state bank or a corporation or other entity
owning voting securities of a state bank if, after the acquisition,
the person would control the bank.
(b) For purposes of this subchapter and except as otherwise
provided by rules adopted under this subtitle, the principal
shareholder or principal participant of a state bank that directly
or indirectly owns or has the power to vote a greater percentage of
voting securities of the bank than any other shareholder or
participant is considered to control the bank.
(c) This subchapter does not prohibit a person from
negotiating to acquire, but not acquiring, control of a state bank
or a person that controls a state bank.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.002. APPLICATION REGARDING ACQUISITION OF
CONTROL. (a) The proposed transferee in an acquisition of
control of a state bank or of a person that controls a state bank
must file an application for approval of the acquisition. The
application must:
(1) be under oath and in a form prescribed by the
banking commissioner;
(2) contain all information that:
(A) is required by rules adopted under this
subtitle; or
(B) the banking commissioner requires in a
particular application as necessary to an informed decision to
approve or reject the proposed acquisition; and
(3) be accompanied by any filing fee required by law.
(b) If a person proposing to acquire voting securities in a
transaction subject to this section includes any group of persons
acting in concert, the information required by the banking
commissioner may be required of each member of the group.
(c) Information obtained by the banking commissioner under
this section is confidential and may not be disclosed by the banking
commissioner or any employee of the department except as provided
by Subchapter D, Chapter 31.
(d) The applicant shall publish notice of the application,
its date of filing, and the identity of the applicant and, if the
applicant includes a group, the identity of each group member. The
notice must be published in the form and frequency specified by the
banking commissioner and in a newspaper of general circulation in
the county in which the bank's home office is located, or in another
publication or location as directed by the banking commissioner.
(e) The applicant may defer publication of the notice until
not later than the 34th day after the date the application is filed
if:
(1) the application is filed in contemplation of a
public tender offer subject to 15 U.S.C. Section 78n(d)(1);
(2) the applicant requests confidential treatment and
represents that a public announcement of the tender offer and the
filing of appropriate forms with the Securities and Exchange
Commission or the appropriate federal banking agency, as
applicable, will occur within the period of deferral; and
(3) the banking commissioner determines that the
public interest will not be harmed by the requested confidential
treatment.
(f) The banking commissioner may waive the requirement that
a notice be published or permit delayed publication on a
determination that waiver or delay is in the public interest. If
publication of notice is waived under this subsection, the
information that would be contained in a published notice becomes
public information under Chapter 552, Government Code, on the 35th
day after the date the application is filed.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended
by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 412, § 2.09, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
§ 33.003. HEARING AND DECISION ON ACQUISITION OF
CONTROL. (a) Not later than the 60th day after the date the
notice is published, the banking commissioner shall approve the
application or set the application for hearing. If the banking
commissioner sets a hearing, the department shall participate as
the opposing party and the banking commissioner shall conduct the
hearing and one or more prehearing conferences and opportunities
for discovery as the banking commissioner considers advisable and
consistent with governing law. A hearing held under this section is
confidential and closed to the public.
(b) Based on the record, the banking commissioner may issue
an order denying an application if:
(1) the acquisition would substantially lessen
competition, restrain trade, result in a monopoly, or further a
combination or conspiracy to monopolize or attempt to monopolize
the banking industry in any part of this state, unless:
(A) the anticompetitive effects of the proposed
acquisition are clearly outweighed in the public interest by the
probable effect of the acquisition in meeting the convenience and
needs of the community to be served; and
(B) the proposed acquisition does not violate the
law of this state or the United States;
(2) the financial condition of the proposed
transferee, or any member of a group comprising the proposed
transferee, might jeopardize the financial stability of the bank
being acquired;
(3) plans or proposals to operate, liquidate, or sell
the bank or its assets are not in the best interests of the bank;
(4) the experience, ability, standing, competence,
trustworthiness, and integrity of the proposed transferee, or any
member of a group comprising the proposed transferee, are
insufficient to justify a belief that the bank will be free from
improper or unlawful influence or interference with respect to the
bank's operation in compliance with law;
(5) the bank will not be solvent, have adequate
capitalization, or comply with the law of this state after the
acquisition;
(6) the proposed transferee has not furnished all
information pertinent to the application reasonably required by the
banking commissioner; or
(7) the proposed transferee is not acting in good
faith.
(c) If the banking commissioner approves the application,
the transaction may be consummated. If the approval is conditioned
on a written commitment from the proposed transferee offered to and
accepted by the banking commissioner, the commitment is enforceable
against the bank and the transferee and is considered for all
purposes an agreement under this subtitle.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.004. APPEAL FROM ADVERSE DECISION. (a) If a
hearing has been held, the banking commissioner has entered an
order denying the application, and the order has become final, the
proposed transferee may appeal the order by filing a petition for
judicial review.
(b) The filing of an appeal under this section does not stay
the order of the banking commissioner.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.005. EXEMPTIONS. The following acquisitions are
exempt from Section 33.001:
(1) an acquisition of securities in connection with
the exercise of a security interest or otherwise in full or partial
satisfaction of a debt previously contracted for in good faith and
the acquiring person files written notice of acquisition with the
banking commissioner before the person votes the securities
acquired;
(2) an acquisition of voting securities in any class
or series by a controlling person who has previously complied with
and received approval under this subchapter or who was identified
as a controlling person in a prior application filed with and
approved by the banking commissioner;
(3) an acquisition or transfer by operation of law,
will, or intestate succession and the acquiring person files
written notice of acquisition with the banking commissioner before
the person votes the securities acquired;
(4) a transaction subject to Chapter 202; and
(5) a transaction exempted by the banking commissioner
or by rules adopted under this subtitle because the transaction is
not within the purposes of this subchapter or the regulation of the
transaction is not necessary or appropriate to achieve the
objectives of this subchapter.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended
by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 344, § 2.011, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
§ 33.006. OBJECTION TO OTHER TRANSFER. This subchapter
does not prevent the banking commissioner from investigating,
commenting on, or seeking to enjoin or set aside a transfer of
voting securities that evidence a direct or indirect interest in a
state bank, regardless of whether the transfer is governed by this
subchapter, if the banking commissioner considers the transfer to
be against the public interest.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.007. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT; CRIMINAL
PENALTY. (a) If the banking commissioner believes that a person
has violated or is about to violate this subchapter or a rule of the
finance commission or order of the banking commissioner pertaining
to this subchapter, the attorney general on behalf of the banking
commissioner may apply to a district court of Travis County for an
order enjoining the violation and for other equitable relief the
nature of the case requires.
(b) A person who knowingly fails or refuses to file the
application required by Section 33.002 commits an offense. An
offense under this subsection is a Class A misdemeanor.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended
by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 867, § 21, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
SUBCHAPTER B. BOARD AND OFFICERS
§ 33.101. VOTING SECURITIES HELD BY BANK. (a) Voting
securities of a state bank held by the bank in a fiduciary capacity
under a will or trust, whether registered in the bank's name or in
the name of its nominee, may not be voted in the election of
directors or managers or on a matter affecting the compensation of
directors, managers, officers, or employees of the bank in that
capacity unless:
(1) under the terms of the will or trust, the manner in
which the voting securities are to be voted may be determined by a
donor or beneficiary of the will or trust and the donor or
beneficiary makes the determination in the matter at issue;
(2) the terms of the will or trust expressly direct the
manner in which the securities must be voted so that discretion is
not vested in the bank as fiduciary; or
(3) the securities are voted solely by a cofiduciary
that is not an affiliate of the bank, as if the cofiduciary were the
sole fiduciary.
(b) Voting securities of a state bank that cannot be voted
under this section are considered to be authorized but unissued for
purposes of determining the procedures for and results of the
affected vote.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.102. BYLAWS. Except as provided by Section 33.207,
each state bank shall adopt bylaws and may amend its bylaws for the
purposes and according to the procedures provided by the Texas
Business Corporation Act.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.103. BOARD OF DIRECTORS, MANAGERS, OR MANAGING
PARTICIPANTS. (a) The board of a state bank must consist of not
fewer than five but not more than 25 directors, managers, or
managing participants, a majority of whom are residents of this
state. Except for a limited banking association in which
management has been retained by its participants, the principal
executive officer of the bank is a member of the board. The
principal executive officer acting in the capacity of a board
member is the board's presiding officer unless the board elects a
different presiding officer to perform the duties as designated by
the board.
(b) Unless the banking commissioner consents otherwise in
writing, a person may not serve as director, manager, or managing
participant of a state bank if:
(1) the bank incurs an unreimbursed loss attributable
to a charged-off obligation of or holds a judgment against:
(A) the person; or
(B) an entity that was controlled by the person
at the time of funding and at the time of default on the loan that
gave rise to the judgment or charged-off obligation;
(2) the person is the subject of an order described by
Section 35.007(a); or
(3) the person has been convicted of a felony.
(c) If a state bank other than a limited banking association
operated by managing participants does not elect directors or
managers before the 61st day after the date of its regular annual
meeting, the banking commissioner may appoint a conservator under
Chapter 35 to operate the bank and elect directors or managers, as
appropriate. If the conservator is unable to locate or elect
persons willing and able to serve as directors or managers, the
banking commissioner may close the bank for liquidation.
(d) A vacancy on the board that reduces the number of
directors, managers, or managing participants to fewer than five
must be filled not later than the 30th day after the date the
vacancy occurs. A limited banking association with fewer than five
managing participants shall add one or more new participants or
elect a board of managers of not fewer than five persons to resolve
the vacancy. If the vacancy is not timely filled, the banking
commissioner may appoint a conservator under Chapter 35 to operate
the bank and elect a board of not fewer than five persons to resolve
the vacancy. If the conservator is unable to locate or elect five
persons willing and able to serve as directors or managers, the
banking commissioner may close the bank for liquidation.
(e) Before each term to which a person is elected to serve as
a director or manager of a state bank, or annually for a person who
is a managing participant, the person shall submit an affidavit for
filing in the minutes of the bank stating that the person, to the
extent applicable:
(1) accepts the position and is not disqualified from
serving in the position;
(2) will not violate or knowingly permit an officer,
director, manager, managing participant, or employee of the bank to
violate any law applicable to the conduct of business of the bank;
and
(3) will diligently perform the duties of the
position.
(f) The banking commissioner in the exercise of discretion
may waive or reduce the residency requirements for directors set
forth in Subsection (a).
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended
by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 344, § 2.0115, eff. Sept. 1, 1999;
Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 412, § 2.10, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
§ 33.104. ADVISORY DIRECTOR OR ADVISORY MANAGER. An
advisory director or advisory manager is not considered a director
or manager if the advisory director or advisory manager:
(1) is not elected by the shareholders or participants
of the bank;
(2) does not vote on matters before the board or a
committee of the board;
(3) is not counted for purposes of determining a
quorum of the board or committee; and
(4) provides solely general policy advice to the
board.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.105. REQUIRED MONTHLY BOARD MEETING. (a) The
board of a state bank shall hold at least one regular meeting each
month. At each regular meeting the board shall review and approve
the minutes of the prior meeting and review the operations,
activities, and financial condition of the bank. The board may
designate a committee from among its members to perform those
duties and approve or disapprove the committee's report at each
regular meeting. Each action of the board must be recorded in its
minutes.
(b) Periodically the board may vote to designate and record
in its minutes the amount of certified surplus. Except to absorb
losses in excess of undivided profits and uncertified surplus,
certified surplus may not be reduced without the prior written
approval of the banking commissioner.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.106. OFFICERS. The board shall annually appoint
the officers of the bank, who serve at the will of the board. The
bank must have a principal executive officer primarily responsible
for the execution of board policies and operation of the bank and an
officer responsible for the maintenance and storage of all
corporate books and records of the bank and for required
attestation of signatures. Those positions may not be held by the
same person. The board may appoint other officers of the bank as
the board considers necessary.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.107. LIMITATION ON ACTION OF OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE IN
RELATION TO ASSET OR LIABILITY. Unless expressly authorized by a
resolution of the board recorded in its minutes, an officer or
employee may not create or dispose of a bank asset or create or
incur a liability on behalf of the bank.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.108. CRIMINAL OFFENSES. (a) An officer,
director, manager, managing participant, employee, shareholder, or
participant of a state bank commits an offense if the person
knowingly:
(1) conceals information or a fact, or removes,
destroys, or conceals a book or record of the bank for the purpose
of concealing information or a fact, from the banking commissioner
or an agent of the banking commissioner; or
(2) removes, destroys, or conceals any book or record
of the bank that is material to a pending or anticipated legal or
administrative proceeding.
(b) An officer, director, manager, managing participant, or
employee of a state bank commits an offense if the person:
(1) knowingly makes a false entry in a book, record,
report, or statement of the bank; or
(2) violates or knowingly participates in a violation
of, or permits another of the bank's officers, directors, managers,
managing participants, or employees to violate, the prohibition on
lending trust funds under Section 113.052, Property Code.
(c) An offense under this section is a felony of the third
degree.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.109. TRANSACTIONS WITH MANAGEMENT AND
AFFILIATES. (a) Without the prior approval of a disinterested
majority of the board recorded in the minutes or, if a disinterested
majority cannot be obtained, the prior written approval of the
banking commissioner, a state bank may not directly or indirectly:
(1) sell or lease an asset of the bank to an officer,
director, manager, managing participant, or principal shareholder
or participant of the bank or an affiliate of the bank; or
(2) purchase or lease an asset in which an officer,
director, manager, managing participant, or principal shareholder
or participant of the bank or an affiliate of the bank has an
interest.
(b) An officer, director, manager, or managing participant
of the bank who knowingly participates in or permits a violation of
this section commits an offense. An offense under this subsection
is a felony of the third degree.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended
by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 412, § 2.11, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
SUBCHAPTER C. LIMITED BANKING ASSOCIATION
§ 33.201. LIABILITY OF PARTICIPANTS AND
MANAGERS. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a
participant, participant-transferee, or manager of a limited
banking association is not liable for a debt, obligation, or
liability of the limited banking association, including a debt,
obligation, or liability under a judgment, decree, or order of
court. A participant, other than a full liability participant, or a
manager of a limited banking association is not a proper party to a
proceeding by or against a limited banking association unless the
object of the proceeding is to enforce a participant's or manager's
right against or liability to a limited banking association.
(b) A full liability participant of a limited banking
association is liable under a judgment, decree, or order of court
for a debt, obligation, or liability of the limited banking
association that accrued during the participation of the full
liability participant in the limited banking association and before
the full liability participant or a successor in interest filed
with the banking commissioner a notice of withdrawal as a full
liability participant from the limited banking association. The
filed notice of withdrawal is a public record.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.202. FILING OF NOTICE OF COPY OF PARTICIPATION
AGREEMENT. (a) A limited banking association shall file with the
banking commissioner a copy of any participation agreement by which
a participant of the limited banking association agrees to become a
full liability participant and the name and address of each full
liability participant. The filed copy is a public record.
(b) The banking commissioner may require a complete copy of
the participation agreement to be filed with the department,
regardless of whether the limited banking association has a full
liability participant, except that the provisions of the
participation agreement other than those by which a participant of
the limited banking association agrees to become a full liability
participant are confidential and subject to release only as
provided by Subchapter D, Chapter 31.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.203. CONTRACTING FOR DEBT OR OBLIGATION. Except as
provided by the articles of association of the limited banking
association, a debt, liability, or other obligation may be
contracted for or incurred on behalf of a limited banking
association only by:
(1) a majority of the managers if management of the
limited banking association has been vested in a board of managers;
(2) a majority of the managing participants; or
(3) an officer or other agent vested with actual or
apparent authority to contract for or incur the debt, liability, or
other obligation.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.204. MANAGEMENT OF LIMITED BANKING
ASSOCIATION. (a) Management of a limited banking association is
vested in the participants in proportion to each participant's
contribution to capital, as adjusted periodically to properly
reflect any additional contribution. The articles of association
may provide that management of a limited banking association is
vested in a board of managers to be elected annually by the
participants as prescribed by the bylaws.
(b) Participants of a limited banking association may not
retain management and must elect a board of managers if:
(1) any participant is disqualified from serving as a
managing participant under Section 33.103;
(2) the limited banking association has fewer than
five or more than 25 participants; or
(3) any participant has been removed by the banking
commissioner under Subchapter A, Chapter 35.
(c) The articles of association, bylaws, and participation
agreement of a limited banking association may use "director"
instead of "manager" and "board" instead of "board of managers."
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.205. WITHDRAWAL OR REDUCTION OF PARTICIPANT'S
CONTRIBUTION TO CAPITAL. (a) Except as otherwise provided by
this chapter, a participant may not receive from a limited banking
association any part of the participant's contribution to capital
unless:
(1) all liabilities of the bank, except liabilities to
participants on account of contributions to capital, have been
paid;
(2) after the withdrawal or reduction, sufficient
property of the bank will remain to pay all liabilities of the bank
except liabilities to participants on account of contributions to
capital;
(3) all participants consent; or
(4) the articles of association are canceled or
amended to set out the withdrawal or reduction.
(b) A participant may demand the return of the participant's
contribution to capital on the dissolution of the association and
the failure of the full liability participants to exercise the
right to carry on the business of the limited banking association as
provided by Section 33.208.
(c) A participant may demand the return of the participant's
contribution to capital only in cash unless a different form of
return of the contribution is allowed by the articles of
association or by the unanimous consent of all participants of the
limited banking association.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.206. INTEREST IN LIMITED BANKING ASSOCIATION;
TRANSFERABILITY OF INTEREST. (a) The interest of a participant
or participant-transferee in a limited banking association is the
personal property of the participant or the participant-transferee
and may be transferred as provided by the bylaws or the
participation agreement.
(b) A transferee of a participant's interest has the status
of a participant-transferee and does not by the transfer become a
participant or obtain a right to participate in the management of
the limited banking association.
(c) A participant-transferee is entitled to receive only
the share of profits, return of contribution, or other distributive
benefit in respect to the interest transferred to which the
participant who transferred the interest would have been entitled.
(d) A participant-transferee may become a participant only
as provided by the bylaws or the participation agreement.
(e) A limited banking association may add additional
participants in the same manner as participant-transferees after
payment in full of the capital contributions to the limited banking
association payable for the issuance of additional participation
interests.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.207. BYLAWS OF LIMITED BANKING ASSOCIATION. A
limited banking association in which management is retained by the
participants is not required to adopt bylaws if provisions required
by law to be contained in the bylaws are contained in the articles
of association or the participation agreement.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.208. DISSOLUTION. (a) A limited banking
association organized under this chapter is dissolved on:
(1) the expiration of the period fixed for the
duration of the limited banking association;
(2) a vote to dissolve or the execution of a written
consent to dissolve by all full liability participants, if any, and
a sufficient number of other participants that, combined with all
full liability participants, hold at least two-thirds of the
participation shares in each class in the association, or a greater
fraction as provided by the articles of association;
(3) except as provided by the articles of association,
the death, insanity, expulsion, bankruptcy, retirement, or
resignation of a participant unless a majority in interest of all
remaining participants elect in writing not later than the 90th day
after the date of the event to continue the business of the
association; or
(4) the occurrence of an event of dissolution
specified in the articles of association.
(b) A dissolution under this section is considered to be the
initiation of a voluntary liquidation under Subchapter B, Chapter
36.
(c) An event of dissolution described by Subsection (a)(3)
does not cancel or revoke a contract to which the bank is a party,
including a trust indenture or agreement or voluntary dissolution
under Subchapter B, Chapter 36, until the period for the remaining
participants to continue the business of the bank has expired
without the remaining participants having completed the necessary
action to continue the business of the bank.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.209. ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES. The profits
and losses of a limited banking association may be allocated among
the participants and among classes of participants as provided by
the participation agreement. Without the prior written approval of
the banking commissioner to use a different allocation method, the
profits and losses must be allocated according to the relative
interests of the participants as reflected in the articles of
association and related documents filed with and approved by the
banking commissioner.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.210. DISTRIBUTIONS. Subject to Section 32.103,
distributions of cash or other assets of a limited banking
association may be made to the participants as provided by the
participation agreement. Without the prior written approval of the
banking commissioner to use a different distribution method,
distributions must be made to the participants according to the
relative interests of the participants as reflected in the articles
of association and related documents filed with and approved by the
banking commissioner.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
§ 33.211. APPLICATION OF OTHER PROVISIONS TO LIMITED
BANKING ASSOCIATIONS. For purposes of the provisions of this
subtitle other than this subchapter, as the context requires:
(1) a manager is considered to be a director and the
board of managers is considered to be the board of directors;
(2) if there is not a board of managers, a participant
is considered to be a director and all of the participants are
considered to be the board of directors;
(3) a participant or participant-transferee is
considered to be a shareholder;
(4) a participation share is considered to be a share
of stock; and
(5) a distribution is considered to be a dividend.
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
